Gwajin Ribar Ma'adinan PEARL: Faɗuwar Farashin Kuɗi, Komawar Hashrate—Wasu Suna Samun Ribar Babu Wahala Yayin da Wasu Ke Yanke Asara da Ficewa

Bayan da PEARL public chain ya samu karbuwa da labarin PoUW, farashin kuɗinsa ya yi tsalle sannan ya koma baya, inda ya koma fiye da kashi 35% cikin kwana goma. Saboda jinkirin da ke tsakanin farashin kuɗi da daidaita wahalar cibiyar sadarwa, kuɗin shiga na kowane kati na masu hakar ma'adinai ya ragu, sannan jimillar ƙarfin hakar ma'adinai na cibiyar sadarwa ya ragu daga baya, wanda ya sa masu hakar ma'adinai da suka shiga a makare su iya yin asara. Al'ummar masu hakar ma'adinai sun rabu: masu hakar ma'adinai na gida waɗanda kuɗin kayan aikin su ya riga ya kashe suna ɗaukar kuɗin wutar lantarki kawai kuma har yanzu suna iya samun riba; manyan gonakin hakar ma'adinai suna auna kuɗin damar da za su rasa tsakanin hakar ma'adinai da hayar AI, inda wasu ke karkata zuwa kasuwancin AI; masu hakar ma'adinai na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar lissafin girgije su ne farkon waɗanda suka fita saboda tsadar haya, yayin da masu hakar ma'adinai na dogon lokaci suka zaɓi ci gaba da jurewa. Har ila yau, public chain ɗin yana da haɗari da yawa da ba a bayyana ba: fiye da 90% na ƙarfin hakar ma'adinai ba sa yin ainihin lissafin AI amma suna zaman banza; fitar da token na yau da kullum yana haifar da matsin lamba na sayarwa a kasuwar sakandare, kuma guntun da aka buɗe da wuri ma yana da haɗari; wani tafkin hakar ma'adinai guda ɗaya

Marubuci: Jae, PANews

Ba da daɗewa ba, blockchain na jama'a Pearl ya yi saurin shahara a kan labarin PoUW (Proof of Useful Work) da ribar hakar ma'adinai mai yawa, amma yanzu ya fuskanci koma baya a kasuwa.

Kwanaki goma da suka wuce, bayan da token ɗin PEARL ya kai kololuwar tarihi na $2.43, ɗimbin ƙarfin hash na GPU ya shigo da sauri. Duk da haka, kasuwa ta juya da sauri, kuma cikin kwanaki goma kawai farashin token ɗin ya koma baya fiye da 35%, ya faɗi zuwa kusan $1.5. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa shi ma ya faɗi daga kololuwar tarihi na 87.79 EH/s zuwa ƙasa da 66.34 EH/s.

Yayin da ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa ya ci gaba da hauhawa kuma wahalar hakar ma'adinai ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa, ribar kowace kati ta ragu sosai, kuma ƙarin masu hakar ma'adinai sun fara korafin cewa hakar ma'adinai ba ta da riba kuma. Musamman ga masu hakar ma'adinai da ke hayan GPU, tsadar hayan ƙarfin hash tana cinye riba, kuma wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka shigo ƙarshe sun faɗa cikin asara.

Wannan zagayen sauye-sauyen ƙarfin hash mai ban mamaki kamar madubi ne, yana nuna bambancin yanayin rayuwa na ƙungiyoyin masu hakar ma'adinai daban-daban: wasu suna da farashin kashewa ƙasa da farashin token ɗin sosai kuma suna samun riba a tsaye ba tare da asara ba; wasu kuma sun riga sun tsaya a gefen tsaka mai wuya na daidaiton kuɗi, a shirye suke su fice su tafi a kowane lokaci.

Ƙarfin Hash Yana Bin Farashin Token, Wahala Tana Jinkiri: Waɗanda Suka Shigo Ƙarshe Sun Zama "Masu Ɗaukar Jaka"

A duk cibiyoyin sadarwa na nau'in PoW, farashi koyaushe shine sandar jagora da ke jagorantar ƙarfin hash, amma akwai jinkiri kafin siginar sandar ta isa gefen ƙarfin hash.

A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, jimillar kuɗin shiga na yau da kullun na kowace katin RTX 4090 ya kai $11.4, wanda ya fi sauran kuɗaɗen hakar ma'adinai na GPU a lokaci guda nisa sosai. Ribar mai yawa ta sa ɗimbin ƙarfin hash mara aiki ya yi ƙaura tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa. Ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa ya hau daga kusan 70 EH/s, ya kai kololuwar 100.92 EH/s a ranar 27 ga Oktoba. Ya zuwa yanzu, ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa ya koma 85.52 EH/s.

Sakamakon ƙaurar ƙarfin hash shine an lalata tsarin samar da block. Lokacin da aka yi niyya na block na Pearl asali shine daƙiƙa 194; a lokacin da ƙarfin hash ya fi zafi, ainihin lokacin block ya ragu zuwa daƙiƙa 160, wanda ba tare da shiri ba ya samar da kusan ƙarin block 40 a kowace rana kuma ya haifar da fiye da miliyan ɗaya sabbin PEARL daga iska kowace rana waɗanda aka jefa cikin kasuwar sakandare.

Babban sabani mafi mahimmanci shine daidaita wahalar cibiyar sadarwa koyaushe yana jinkiri mataki ɗaya bayan saurin shigowar ƙarfin hash. Sai a ranar 28 ga Oktoba ne wahalar cibiyar sadarwa ta hau zuwa sama da 49M, wanda ya haura kusan 20% gabaɗaya daga ranar kololuwar farashin token ɗin, kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matakan sama. A lokacin, farashin PEARL ya riga ya faɗi zuwa $1.75.

Babban gibin da ke tsakanin farashin token ɗin da ke sauka da wahala da ke hauhawa kai tsaye ya matse ribar masu hakar ma'adinai, inda matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na yau da kullun na kowace kati ya faɗi fiye da 30% daga kololuwa. Ƙarfin hash mai tsada shine ya fara guduwa, kuma ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa ya ragu da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu cikin kwanaki biyu, sannan lokacin block ya koma cikin kewayon tushe da ka'idar ta tsara.A wannan tseren da bai dace ba, masu hakar ma'adinai da suka fara shiga sun kama mafi yawan ribar rabo, yayin da masu jinkiri da suka fahimta a baya suka zama "masu riƙe da jaka" na juyawar kasuwa.

Kati ɗaya, Asusu Daban-daban: Masu Haƙa Na Gida Suna Kirga Kuɗi, Gonakin Haƙa Suna Juya zuwa AI, Masu Hayar Na Lokaci Suna Gudu

Kati ɗaya, a hannun daban-daban, kasuwanci ne daban. Sansanin masu haƙa na Pearl ya riga ya rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku da suka bambanta sosai.

Idan aka ɗauki RTX 4090, babban katina hanyar sadarwa, a matsayin misali, a ƙarƙashin yanayin wahalar hanyar sadarwa da ƙarfin hash na 30 ga Oktoba, kati ɗaya na iya samar da kusan PEARL 4.2 kowace rana. Daga cikinsu, masu haƙa daban-daban suna da farashin jari da farashin kashewa da suka bambanta sosai, wanda kuma ke ƙayyade dabarun yanke shawara da suka bambanta gaba ɗaya yayin fuskantar wannan koma baya.

Masu Haƙa Na Gida: Kuɗin da Aka Rigaya A Kashe Yana Ba da Kariya

Ga yawancin masu haƙa na gida, an riga an yi amfani da katin don wasa ko aiki, kuma an riga an kashe kuɗin sayan kayan aiki; haƙa yana buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarin kuɗin wutar lantarki kawai.

A matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki na gida na $0.16/kWh, kuɗin wutar lantarki na yau da kullum ga kati ɗaya shine $3.84 kawai, wanda ke daidai da matsakaicin farashin kashewa ƙasa da $0.87. A wasu kalmomi, muddin matsakaicin farashin PEARL ya kasance sama da $0.87, suna samun riba mai tsabta.

Ko da farashin alamar ya riga ya faɗi fiye da 35%, ribar su ta yau da kullum ga kati ɗaya tana da ƙarfi a kusan $2.67, tare da ribar kusan 70%.

Ga masu haƙa na gida, wannan koma baya ba ma hunturu ba ne, a mafi yawan "ɗan ƙarin iska ne kawai." Muddin kuɗin shiga ya kasance mai kyau, za su ci gaba da tafiyar da injinansu, sai dai idan farashin alamar ya ci gaba da raguwa da rabi ko kuma wata tsabar kudi mai maye gurbin da ke da riba mafi girma ta bayyana.

Manyan Gonakin Haƙa: Suna Lissafin Ba Wutar Lantarki Kawai Ba, Har da Kuɗin Damar

Gonakin haƙa da ke da wutar lantarki na masana'antu sune ƙasan farashi na masana'antar haƙa. Farashin wutar lantarki na kwangilar PPA ya yi ƙasa da $0.05/kWh, kuma bayan ƙara duk kuɗin da aka ware kamar wuri da ayyuka da kulawa, kuɗin yau da kullum gaba ɗaya ga kati ɗaya shine $0.48 kawai, wanda ke daidai da matsakaicin farashin kashewa kusan $0.11 kawai. Idan aka yi la'akari da haƙa kawai, matashin kariyarsu ya fi na masu haƙa na gida kauri.

Amma gonakin haƙa suna da wata hanyar lissafin asusu.

Ƙarfin hash kadara ce ta gama gari. Algorithm na cuPOW yana dacewa da ayyukan ƙididdiga na AI, don haka kayan aiki na iya canzawa a kowane lokaci tsakanin haƙa da hayar ƙididdigar AI. A halin yanzu, kuɗin shiga mai tsabta daga ba da sabis na hayar ƙididdigar AI da RTX 4090 shine kusan $0.35/awa, wanda yake daidai da kusan $8.4 kowace rana.

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, kuɗin shiga na yau da kullum ga kati ɗaya daga haƙar PEARL ya ragu zuwa $6.51, wanda ya riga ya yi ƙasa da ribar hayar ƙididdigar AI.Maimakon ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai yayin da ake fuskantar haɗarin faɗuwar farashin token, yana da kyau a tattara kuɗin hayar hashpower a tsayayye. Sakamakon haka, wasu gonakin hakar ma'adinai da ba su da sha'awar haɗari sun fara janyewa da kansu, suna mayar da kayan aikin su zuwa kasuwancin hayar AI ko wasu cibiyoyin PoW da ke da riba mai ƙarfi, suna zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da kololuwar hashpower da koma baya.

Ga gonakin hakar ma'adinai, farashin dama da ribar GPU a kowace raka'a na lokaci suma muhimman ma'auni biyu na kuɗi ne.

Masu Hayar Hashpower na Cloud: Babban Ƙarfin da ke Bayan Wannan Juyin Hashpower na Tashin hankali

A cikin wannan juyin share hashpower, masu hayar hashpower na ɗan gajeren lokaci su ne mafi tsananin guduwa.

Ba su da wani kayan aiki na zahiri; suna hayar hashpower ne kawai ta awa a kan dandamali irin su Vast.ai, "haka, cire, kuma sayar" a rana ɗaya, kuma suna samun ribar rana. A matsakaicin farashin haya na $0.35/awa, matsakaicin kuɗin yau da kullum ya kai $8.4, wanda ya dace da matsakaicin farashin rufewa na kusan $2.

Lokacin da farashin token ya faɗi zuwa $1.75, masu haya sun riga sun faɗa cikin asara gaba ɗaya. Hashpower na cloud ba shi da kuɗin da ba za a iya dawo da shi ba, kuma shawarar rufewa ana yin ta nan take.

A cikin kwanaki uku na faɗuwar hashpower mai tsanani, mafi yawansu sun kasance "yan kasuwa" na hayar ɗan gajeren lokaci da ke fita da yawa.

Duk da haka, wasu masu hakar hashpower na cloud sun sanya hannu kan kwangiloli na dogon lokaci na mako-mako ko na wata-wata waɗanda ba za a iya mayar da su ba. An riga an biya kuɗin haya, kuma muddin sun ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai, za su iya dawo da wani ɓangare na asarar. Idan farashin PEARL ya sake tashi, ƙila har yanzu suna da damar daidaitawa. Saboda haka, wasu masu hakar hayar dogon lokaci har yanzu suna riƙe.

Kashi Casa'in na Hashpower Suna Juyawa a Wofi, Haɗarin Ruwa da Tsakiya na Gabatowa

Baya ga matsalar cikin gida ta ja da baya na hashpower, Pearl kuma tana fuskantar matsalar waje ta tambayar labarinta. Pearl tana zana labarin cewa "hakar ma'adinai = yin amfani da lissafin AI mai amfani," amma tsakanin gaskiya da manufa har yanzu akwai babban gibi.

Kashi 90% na Hashpower na PoUW Suna Juyawa a Wofi

Babban abin sayar da PEARL shine "maye gurbin hashing mara amfani da lissafin AI, sa hakar ma'adinai ta samar da ƙimar kasuwanci." Amma a zahiri, wannan hangen nesa a halin yanzu ya kasance a kan takarda kawai.

Binciken ƙwararren masani Abhinaba Basu, bayan yin samfuri da nazarin injunan hakar ma'adinai 8,012 masu aiki, ya nuna cewa fiye da 90% na hashpower na cibiyar ba sa gudanar da kowane samfurin ilmantarwa mai zurfi ko ayyukan hasashe na gaske, amma suna ci gaba da lissafin matrices bazuwar marasa ma'ana kawai.

Dalilin shine haɗawa da hasashen AI na gaske yana buƙatar sarrafa jadawalin mahallin, ɗaukar nauyin samfurin, da kuɗin shiga/fitarwa na cibiyar, wanda zai sa ingantaccen hashpower na injunan hakar ma'adinai ya faɗi da 10%-30%. A ƙarƙashin ka'idar cewa ladan toshe ya dogara ne kawai da wahalar hash, mafi kyawun zaɓi ga masu hakar ma'adinai masu hankali shine su watsar da buƙata ta gaske kuma su juyar da matrices bazuwar a wofi kawai. Abin da ake kira "aiki mai amfani" galibi ayyukan "hakar shara" ne.Yiwuwar Matsi a Kasuwar Sakandare

Ci gaba da sakin alamomin yana kuma kawo matsi mai yawa na sayarwa ga kasuwar sakandare.

A halin yanzu Pearl tana samar da kusan alamomi miliyan 1 kowace rana. A farashin kasuwa, matsin sayarwa na sabbin masu hakar ma'adinai kowace rana ya zarce dala miliyan 1.55, kuma girman hauhawar farashin shekara-shekara ya zarce dala miliyan 565, wanda ya riga ya kusanci jarin kasuwar da ke yawo na yarjejeniyar.

A halin yanzu, cinikin gaggawa ya ta'allaka ne a kan ƙananan musayar kuɗi kaɗan, tare da matsakaicin adadin cinikin gaggawa na yau da kullun ƙasa da dala miliyan 10. Matsin sayarwa na masu hakar ma'adinai kawai ya kai kusan kashi 20% na adadin ciniki, kuma zurfin kasuwa yana da iyaka. Da zarar an sami sayarwa mai zurfi, ƙarancin zurfin tayi zai iya haifar da gaggawar rashin ruwa cikin sauƙi.

Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin ƙarancin wahala a cikin kwanaki 6 na farko kafin ƙaddamar da babbar hanyar sadarwa, an hako kusan alamomi miliyan 122 a duk faɗin cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ya kai fiye da kashi 35% na wadatar da ke yawo. Wannan ɓangaren guntuwar farko ba shi da ƙuntatawar kullewa kuma ya kasance tafki da ke rataye a kan kasuwar sakandare.

Haɗarin Tsakaita a cikin Ƙarfin Hash na Rukunin Haƙar Ma'adinai

Rarraba ƙarfin hash na Pearl kuma yana fallasa haɗarin tsaro na cibiyar sadarwa. Bayanan sarkar sun nuna cewa rukunin haƙar ma'adinai guda ɗaya, Kryptex, ya daɗe yana riƙe da kusan rabin ƙarfin hash na cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ya riga ya kusanci layin ja na tsaro na harin 51%. Ga tsarin nau'in PoW waɗanda suka dogara da gasar ƙarfin hash don kula da tsaron cibiyar sadarwa, rukunin haƙar ma'adinai guda ɗaya da ke riƙe da kaso mai girma na ƙarfin hash yana nufin cibiyar sadarwa tana ƙara fuskantar haɗari kamar tattarawar ƙarfin hash, takunkumin ciniki, da yuwuwar hare-hare. A yau, Pearl tana tsaye a wata mahadar muhimmiya: bayan raguwar ribar haƙar ma'adinai da sanyin jita-jita, ko za ta iya jawo isassun buƙatun ƙididdigar wucin gadi na gaske don mai da "aiki mai amfani" zuwa ƙimar kasuwanci, shine zai zama mabuɗin ƙaddara makomarta na dogon lokaci.

Ga masu hakar ma'adinai ko masu zuba jari, wannan zagayowar hawan da faduwar ƙarfin lissafi kuma yana ba da darasi mai amfani. Abin da ya fi muhimmanci fiye da bin riba na ɗan gajeren lokaci shine gane wace hanyar farashi kake a kanta. A cikin masana'antar crypto, yanayin kasuwa yana ƙayyade iyakar riba, yayin da farashi ke ƙayyade ko mutum zai iya tsira daga zagayowar.